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One of the steps in undertaking many engineering projects, and also in the process of established manufacturing practices, is so fundamental that it is overlooked by the general public. That is, the determination of the properties such as shape, size, density and porosity of the very particles of which materials are made. These measurements are made by an instrument called the surface area analyzer.
This instrument's task is more complex than many would imagine. In many cases even the volume of the pores in tiny particles must be considered together with actual outside surface area to make accurate determinations regarding a material's suitability for a specific purpose, or to make adjustments in the handling of a given material.
For instance, there may be as much as 2000 meters of surface area in a single gram of activated carbon particles. This fact becomes spectacularly relevant when one understands that detonators, used in various applications such as earth moving or building demolition, use explosive powders. The particle surface area and compaction properties of these powders are highly important to their performance and to how well they store for later use.
Another use of a surface area analyzer would be as an important component of soil analysis to determine the properties of the ground on which new construction is to take place. The instrument would also be used in the determination of cement hydration rates, and so forth.
In other industries, the surface area analyzer is used to test the properties of raw materials. Filtration systems such as air and water purifiers also depend on the surface area analyzer to determine saturation rates. Pharmaceutical companies depend on it to accurately determine dissolution rates of various chemicals.
In short, there is almost no industrial or scientific endeavor involving materials which does not either directly or indirectly make use of the surface area analyzer.
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